Time

== 1) About how long ago did the big bang take place? 2) What is a black hole? 3) Does the universe continue to expand? 4) Was there really a big bang? 5) What light elements seem to support the Big Bang Theory? ==
 * Big Bang Theory Assignment..**

== 2) Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished into infinite density (a mathematical concept which truly boggles the mind)…  ==

** 3) It continues to expand and cool to this day and we are inside of it: incredible creatures living on a unique planet, circling a beautiful star clustered together with several hundred billion other stars in a galaxy soaring through the cosmos, all of which is inside of an expanding universe ** ** that began as an infinitesimal singularity which appeared out of nowhere for reasons unknown… **     ** 4) Maybe, no… ** ** 5) ** ** Finally, the abundance of the "light elements" --Hydrogen and Helium-- found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins... ﻿  **       **Time Keeps On Slippin’ **
 * Before we start to make our way through history; we need to get an understanding of time and how humans keep track of events that have happened throughout time. Read, watch, and listen to the following websites and answer the questions below. Once you finish this document post it in you Time section of your wiki and e-mail me your answers. Will be tested on the information below at a later date. Enjoy your time! **
 * 1) What is the current calendar most of the world uses / accepts? Explain who made it and why this is accepted. **
 * 2) What is a leap year? **
 * 3) List three other types of calendars used and how they set up their calendar (ex. Lunar). **
 * 4) What is BC? **
 * 5) What is BCE? **
 * 6) What is AD? **
 * 7) What is CE? **
 * 8) What is MYA? **
 * 9) According to the timeline site how many periods of when are there and list time. **
 * 10) What is an eon, epoch, era, and age? **
 * 11) List three ancient calendars **
 * 12) List two ancient clocks and how they worked. **
 * 13) What was a revolution of timekeeping? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">14) What allows for standard more accurate clocks? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">15) What are time zones? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">16) What is the prime meridian? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">17) If it’s 10:00 AM in Regina, what time is it in Toronto? London? Moscow? Tokyo? Hawaii? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">18) What is Daylight Saving Time? Do we use this in Saskatchewan? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">19) Is there a year zero? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">20) Are we starting a new decade in 2010 or 2011? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">21) What is linear time? **
 * <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; marginbottom: 10pt; marginleft: 0in; marginright: 0in; margintop: 0in;">22) What is cyclical time? **

Answers:
==  1)The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted [|civil calendar].[|[1]][|[2]][|[3]]   == ==  It was introduced by [|Pope Gregory XIII], after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February [|1582], a [|papal bull] known by its opening words //[|Inter gravissimas]//.[|[4]]  == ==  2)The Gregorian calendar modified the Julian calendar's regular cycle of [|leap years], years exactly divisible by four,[|[7]] including all centurial years, as follows:  == ==  Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years. For example, the year 1900 is not a leap year; the year 2000 is a leap year __ [8 __. == == 3) The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted [|civil calendar].[|[1]][|[2]][|[3]] It was introduced by [|Pope Gregory XIII], after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February [|1582], a [|papal bull] known by its opening  == ==  In any country, the civil calendar is the [|calendar], or possibly one of several calendars, used within that country for civil, official or administrative purposes. The civil calendar is almost always used for general purposes by people and private organisations.words //[|Inter gravissimas]//.[|[4]]  == == The Julian calendar, a reform of the [|Roman calendar], was introduced by [|Julius Caesar] in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC (709 //[|ab urbe condita]//). It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer [|Sosigenes of Alexandria] and was probably designed to approximate the [|tropical year], known at least since [|Hipparchus]. It has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, and a [|leap day] is added to February every four years. Hence the Julian year is on average 365.25 days long. ==

9)
||
 * == [|BIG BANG : Formation of the Universe] Ca. 13.7 billion years ago: Universe, which includes time and space, begins with Big Bang. The Big Bang is dated according to NASA. 300 thousand years after the Big Bang, hydrogen nuclei capture electrons, forming the first atoms. 600 million years a... == ||||||||   ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|4600 MYA] ** [|Formation Earth] [|More]  == || ==  [|FORMATION OF EARTH] 4600 MYA Formation of the approximately homogeneous solid Earth by planetesimal accretion. 3800 MYA The Earth's crust solidifies--formation of the oldest rocks found on Earth. 3500 MYA Prokaryotic cell organisms develop. Beginning of photosynthesis b... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|543 MYA] - [|490 MYA] ** [|Cambrian] [| More]  == || ==  [|CAMBRIAN : Explosion of Life on Earth] The Cambrian Period marks an important point in the history of life on earth; it is the time when most of the major groups of animals first appear in the fossil record. This event is sometimes called the "Cambrian Explosion", because of the relativel... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|290 MYA] - [|248 MYA] ** [|Permian] [| More]  == || ==  [|PERMIAN : Largest Mass Extinction] The Permian period lasted from 290 to 248 million years ago and was the last period of the Paleozoic Era. The distinction between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic is made at the end of the Permian in recognition of the largest mass extinction recorded... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|245 MYA] - [|65 MYA] ** [|Mesozoic] [| More]  == || ==  [|MESOZOIC : Age of Dinosaurs] The Mesozoic is known as the Age of Dinosaurs. It also saw the development of early birds and mammals, and of flowering plants (angiosperms). At the end of the Mesozoic, all the major body plans of modern life were in place although in some cases --... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|5 MYA] - [|2500 BC] ** [|4th Millennium BC] [| More]  == || ==  [|STONE AGE : The Human Era] The first species of the genus Homo, evolved in South and East Africa in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene (2 - 2.5 million years before present) when it diverged from the Australopithecines (Australopithecines and Hominenes are collectively ref... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|70000 BC] - [|8000 BC] ** [|Ice Age] [| More]  == || ==  [|ICE AGE : Extintion of Large Mammals] The last Ice Age started about 70,000 years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago (during the Pleistocene epoch). The Earth was much colder than it is now; snow accumulated on much of the land, glaciers and ice sheets extended over large areas and the... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|9000 BC] - [|4500 BC] ** [|First Settlements] [| More]  == || ==  [|NEOLITHIC : First Permanent Settlements] The Neolithic is traditionally the last part of the stone age. The first permanent settlements appear; the domestication of plants (notably wheat) and animals (goats and sheep). The Naqada lived in sizable settlements by about 4,000 BC and produced d... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|3200 BC] - [|1200 BC] ** [|3rd Millennium BC] [| More]  == || ==  [|BRONZE AGE : First Pharaos] The earliest hieroglyphs appear at about the beginning of the pharaonic age. 365-day calendar introduced. 1st Dynasty (2920 - 2770) This period is shrouded in mythology. Little is known of Menes and his descendants outside their claim of divine ances... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|1200 BC] - [|332 BC] ** [|2nd Millennium BC] [| More]  == || ==  [|IRON AGE : Start of the Trojan War] 1200 BC Start of the Trojan War. Time of the Judges: Israel is a twelve-tribe confederation. 1175 BC The 'Sea Peoples' were moving out of the Aegean and Anatolian regions as a result of years of drought and poor harvests. Rameses III, according to th... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|332 BC] - [|63 BC] ** [|4th Century BC] [| More]  == || ==  [|HELLENISTIC PERIOD] Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) invades. A regional process of Hellenization begins all over the eastern Mediterranean. Alexander's generals eventually become his successors; the Ptolemy's rule Egypt and Palestine and the Seleucids rule Anatolia, Sy... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|63 BC] - [|476] ** [|1st Century BC] [| More]  == || ==  [|ROMAN PERIOD] The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman state in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Caesar Augustus) in the last three decades B.C. Although Rome possessed... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|330] - [|1453] ** [|Byzantine] [| More]  == || ==  [|BYZANTINE PERIOD] The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the eastern section of the Roman Empire which remained in existence after the fall of the western section. The life of the empire is commonly considered to span AD 395 to 1453. The empire was divided i... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|476] - [|1350] ** [|Middle Ages] [| More]  == || ==  [|MIDDLE AGES] The Middle Ages was the middle period in a schematic division of European history into three 'ages': Classical civilization, the Middle Ages, and Modern Civilization. It is commonly considered as having lasted from the end of the Western Roman Empire... == ||
 * == **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Chiller; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">[|1350] - [|1600] ** [|Renaissance] [| More]  == || ==  [|RENAISSANCE] "Renaissance," French for "rebirth," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. During the era known by this name, Europe emerged from the economic stagnation... == ||   ||

10)EON is the longest division of geological time..
== An ERA is a commonly used word for long period of time. When used in science, for example geology, eras denote clearly defined periods of time of arbitrary but well defined length, such as for example the Mesozoic era from 252 Ma–66 Ma, delimited by a start event and an end event. ... == ==  In the fields of chronology and periodization, an epoch means an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular era. The ‘’EPOCH’‘then serves as a reference point from which time is measured. ... ==

11) Greek, Egyptian calendar, and Babylonian calendar
==  12) Sun Clocks, T he Sumerian culture was lost without passing on its knowledge, but the Egyptians were apparently the next to formally divide their day into parts something like our hours. Obelisks (slender, tapering, four-sided monuments) were built as early as 3500 BCE. Their moving shadows formed a kind of sundial, enabling people to partition the day into morning and afternoon.   == ==   Water Clocks, W ater clocks were among the earliest timekeepers that didn't depend on the observation of celestial bodies. One of the oldest was found in the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I, buried around 1500 BCE. Later named //clepsydras// ("water thieves") by the Greeks, who began using them about 325 BCE, these were stone vessels with sloping sides that allowed water to drip at a nearly constant rate from a small hole near the bottom.   ==

13) In Europe during most of the Middle Ages (roughly 500 CE to 1500 CE), technological advancement virtually ceased. Sundial styles evolved, but didn't move far from ancient Egyptian principles.
== During these times, simple sundials placed above doorways were used to identify midday and four "tides" (important times or periods) of the sunlit day. By the 10th century, several types of pocket sundials were used. One English model even compensated for seasonal changes of the Sun's altitude. ==

14) Atomic clock
== 15)A time zone is a region on [|Earth], more or less bounded by lines of [|longitude], that has a uniform, legally man dated [|standard time], usually referred to as the local time.  == ==  16) The Prime Meridian is the [|meridian] (line of [|longitude]) at which the longitude is defined to be 0°. ==

17) Toronto: 12:00 pm, London 5:00 pm, Moscow 8:00 pm, Tokyo 1:00 am, Hawaii 6:00 am.
== 18) Daylight saving time (DST) – also summer time in [|British English] (see //[|Terminology]//) – is the practice of temporarily advancing clocks so that afternoons have more [|daylight] and mornings have less. Typically clocks are adjusted forward one hour near the start of spring and are adjusted backward in autumn.[|[1]] Modern DST was first proposed in 1895 by [|George Vernon Hudson].[|[2]] Many countries have used it since then; [|details vary by location] and change occasionally. ==

21) Linear time is a concept where by tie is seen sequentially, as a series of events that are leading toward something: beginning and an end.
22) [|cyclical] and [|quantic] consisting of repeating ages that happen to every being of the Universe between birth and extinction.    -geological time scale    1) What happened at 12 AM January 1, 2004? 2) What happened at 4:41 PM February, 25 2004? 3) How long of actual time happened between the event in question one and two? 4) What happen at 3:39 PM September 3, 2004? 5) What happened at 7:40 PM November 21, 2004? 6) What happened at 1:27PM December 2, 2004? 7) What happened at 12:09 PM December 12, 2004? 8) What happened at 8:37 PM December 13, 2004? 9) What happened at 7:52 PM December 26, 2004? 10) What happened at 5:18 PM December 31, 2004? 11) What happened at 11:48 PM December 31, 2004? 12) What happened at 12:00 AM January 1, 2005? 13) How long of actual time happened between the event in question 11 and 12? 14) How old is the Earth? 15) On the chart how many years are represented by one second. answers: "1) Earth formed from planetary nebula.

2) Inferred origin of life (first cells)

3) 3.7 billion 4) First multi-celled organisms (seaweed and algae)

5) Ordovician system begins & First fish

6) First sharks 7) End of <span class="yshortcuts" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: medium none; cursor: hand;"> Paleozoic, 96% of all <span class="yshortcuts" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: medium none; cursor: hand;"> life on Earth  perishes Mesozoic, the "Age of Reptiles" & Triassic system begins

8) First dinosaurs (Eoraptor and Saltoposuchus)

9) End of Mesozoic, probably meteor or comet impact Cenozoic, the " Age of Mammals  " & Tertiary system begins

10) First monkeys

11) First modern man, <span class="yshortcuts" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: #366388 2px dotted; cursor: hand;">Homo sapiens

12) World War II

13) 999,954 thousand yrs. ago

14) 4.6 billion years old

15) 146 years"